PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF FORESTRY ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIA. YOLA, GONGOLA STATE. Pp. 70-79

 Conferenceproceeding

 HEAT OF COMBUSTION OF TWENTY SAVANNA TREE SPECIES

 J. A. FUWAPE

 1985

The heat of combustion and related burning properties (combustion stoichiometry, air-dried moisture content, specific gravity and gaseous/ash products of combustion) of twenty trees used as fuel in savanna region of Nigeria were determined. The average higher healing value was 23,554KJ/Kg while the available healing value was 17,990; OKJ/Kg at 200% moisture content. 

 Pergamon Press, London. Pp 117 - 122 (1984)

 Journal

 WOOD RESIDUES AS FUEL IN PULP PAPER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA

 J. A. Fuwape And E. B. Lucas

 1984

Frequent interruption in the supply of electricity from the National grid and occasional scarcity of fossil fuels (including diesel oil, the usual fuel for stand-by power units) are adversely affecting manufacturing industries in Nigeria. The remote location of pulp/paper industries is an added disadvantage in that electricity from the national grid are only available at great initial capital costs. Energy requirements per day, for the conversion of wood to paper at the mills at Oku-Iboku, Cross Rivers State; Iwopin, Ogun State and Jebba, Kwara State are estimated as being 10.784 TJ, 5.841 TJ. and 5.841 TJ respectively. Mill residues (including combustible products in black liquor) that would be available during each working day in these mills have total heat energy contents of 1.02, 2.67 and 1.76 TJ respectively. Residues in the forests are less likely to be available for energy generation; these are estimated to have heat energy contents of 8.00, 5.39 and 3.15TJ respectively. Conversion efficiencies to useful energy may vary from over 50% for the generation and use of process steam to less than 20% for use in electricity generation, using steam engine power. Pulp and paper industries in Nigeria are likely to be constrained to look up more to these wastes for their energy requirements in future. The chances of this expectation are quantified and the implications are appraised. 

 Nigerian Journal Of Solar Energy Volume 2, Pp. 89-97, 1982 1983 Askore Press © 1982, SESN

 Journal

 COMBUSTION-RELATED AND SOME OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF SIX NIGERIAN PLANT SPECIES CONCERNING THEIR SUITABILITY AS DOMESTIC FUELS

 E. Babajide Lucas And J. AdeoIa Fuwape

 1982

Several sources (1,2,3,4,) indicate that wood is the most widely used domestic fuel; the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (F.A.O.) has estimated that about two billion (2 x 10Y) people around the world use wood for their domestic cooking and for keeping their surroundings warm (5). In Nigeria, the annual consumption of fuelwood is about seventy million cubic metres (4). F.A.O. has also stated that there is now no viable alternative to wood as energy in several areas of the world, including Nigeria. The current rate of fuelwood utilisation in Nigeria and several tropical countries surpasses the rate of production of wood in fuel plantations and natural forests in the open-up areas. This has resulted in 25% of the land area of West Africa becoming a "desert or semi-desert area which has resulted in a fuelwood scarcity situation". A further. 30% of the land is an area in deficit situation; present fuel resources are below the requirements, obliging the population to over-exploit (6). This situation is made' more serious by the gradual deforestation to allocate land to other uses. It is therefore necessary, to raise largely the most Suitable fuelwood species on the scarce land resources available and to ensure a much more efficient wood/energy conversion system for domestic uses. A good fuelwood species should have a fast rate of growth (based on dry matter produced per unit period), low moisture content of green samples, high density, low ash content and a substantial heating value rating. It should be cheap and be of low demand for other commercial purposes and should have very low emission of noxious gases when it is burnt in a standard stove. This paper reports on five wood species and a weed that are available in Nigeria. These plant species are already in use as fuelwood in Nigeria and the experiments described within are aimed at establishing the desirability of continuing to raise j. these plant species on the land resource available for fuel. 

 University Of Ibadan. Pp. 1-2

 Conferenceproceeding

 UTILIZATION OF WOOD IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FARM TOOLS AND STRUCTURE.

 J. A. FUWAPE

 1981

Various farm tools and structures have different features which determine their end use. To get the best out of farm items, the choice of wood for their construction should be based on the physical and mechanical properties of the wood. Some West African hardwood species have peculiar properties which make them suitable for production of particular tools and structures. Where wood is to be exposed to changes in atmospheric condition or when it is to be in contact with soil the dimensional stability and durability of such wood can be improved by preservative and water repellent treatments.