Biomass And Bioenergy 12(2):101-106

 Journal

 BIOMASS YIELD AND ENERGY VALUE OF SOME FAST-GROWING MULTIPURPOSE TREES IN NIGERIA

 JOSEPH A. FUWAPE AND SHADRACH O. AKINDELE

 2008

The above-ground biomass yield of seven-year-old trees of Gliricidia sepium, Gmelina arborea and Leucaena leucocephala grown for fuel production were assessed. The combustion properties of the fuelwood and charcoal produced from the trees (moisture content, density, percentage fixed carbon, volatile matter, micro-elemental composition and heat of combustion) were determined. There were significant differences in the above-ground biomass and the charcoal yield from the various species. The stand biomass was 37.4 t/ha for Gliriculia septum, 85.6 t/ha for Gmelina arborca and 46.2 t/ha for Leucaena leucocephala. The charcoal yield (range 25-42%) was highest in Leucaena leucocephala, The average heat of combustion of charcoal. 33.25 MJ/kg. was higher than that of wood, 21.6 MJ/kg. Gmehna arborea gave the greatest energy yield per hectare due to its high stand biomass. 

 Journal Of Tropical Forest Products 2(1): 1-5 (1996)

 Journal

 PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE PARTICLEBOARD FROM GMEUNA ARBOREA AND LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA

 J. A. Fuwape

 2007

FUWAPE, J.A. 1996. Phenol-formaldehyde particleboard from Gmelina arborea and Leucaena leucocephala. The fast-growing hardwood species Gmelina arborea and Leucaena leucocephola were used to produce phenol-formaldehyde PF-bonded particleboard. The bending strength (MOR) and board stiffness (MOE) were determined. The thickness swelling and water absorption were measured after 1-h and 24-h water-soak tests. The MOR and MOE increased with increase in board density. The board met the minimum standard required for Type 1 board. The high values of bending strength and dimensional stability of phenol-formaldehyde particleboard produced indicated that Gmelina and Leucaena were suitable wood raw materials for resin-bonded particleboard production. 

 ONLINE ISSN 2069-7430 PRO LIGNO Vol. 12 N° 4 2016 ISSN-L 1841-4737 Www.proligno.ro Pp. 21-29

 Journal

 COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF TORREFIED WOOD SAMPLES OF PINUS CARREBEA AND LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA GROWN IN NIGERIA

 Joseph Adeola FUWAPE, Francis Akinyele FARUWA*

 2006

Torrefaction of selected wood samples of Pinus Carrebea and Leucaena Leucocephala were carried out at temperatures ranging from 200 to 300°C to improve the energy parameters of biomass and to determine the effect of torrefication temperature on the physical and combustion properties of wood selected from Pinus carrebea and Leuceanea leucocephala grown in Nigeria. In this process the biomass hemicellulose is degraded, maintaining its cellulose and lignin content. The samples were dried and heated to 225, 250, 275, and 300°C. Then the torrefied mass was subjected to basic property testing on proximate analysis and heating value was calculated in order to understand the differences between raw material and its torrefied products. Specifically, the wood blocks changed from light brown to black, stemming from the partial carbonization at the wood surface. When the temperature is 225°C, the color of the wood is between dark brown and once the torrefaction temperatures are 250 and 275°C, the colors of the wood become dark and darker respectively. The results of the proximate analysis also showed that increasing of torrefied temperature; volatile fraction was reduced while fixed carbon was increased with increase in temperature from 21.34 to 52.74 and 18.58 to 56.83 for Leucaena leucocephala and Pinus carreabeanus respectively at 225 to 300°C. The volatile content is decreased from 78.58% to 62.76% with increase in temperature. Ash content of were within 1.57-3.41% of torrefied wood. It could be observed that the High calorific value (HCV for pine ranged between 19.80 and 28.06MJ/Kg for the top, 19.93and 24.96MJ/kg for middle with 19.72and 25.96MJ/Kg for base. The values recorded for raw sample and at 275°C been the lowest and highest respectively. The High calorific value (HCV) were found to be on the increase and nose dive at 300°C for the tree parts used in this research. The result revealed that for Leuceana the value increased from raw up to 275°C and at 300°C, a drop in the HHC was experienced. The result also showed that between raw and 250°C the value were statistically not at variance though higher value was recorded at 250°C (22.04MJ/kg). Likewise, between 275°C and 300°C there was no variance statistically, but higher value was observed for 275°C (26.32). It could be observed that the HHC for pine ranged between 19.80 and 28.06MJ/Kg for the top, 19.93 and 24.96MJ/kg for middle with 19.72 and 25.96MJ/Kg for base. The result also showed that between raw and 250 the value were statistically not at variance though higher value was recorded at 250 (22.04MJ/Kg). Likewise, between 275°C and 300°C there was no variance statistically, but higher value was observed for 275°C (26.32MJ/Kg). The proximate analyses revealed that the species are a suitable biomass source for torrefaction process and calorific value increase compared to control raw sample. 

 © 1994 Elsevier Science Limited

 Journal

 Natural Adhesive-Bonded Particleboards

 Joseph Adeola Fuwape

 2006

Two types of tannin-phenol formaldehyde adhesives - (i) a mixture of 70% Mangrove tannin and 30% phenol formaldehyde (PF) and (ii) a mixture of 70% Quebracho tannin and 30% PF - were used in the fabrication of two sets of particleboards. The third set of boards was prepared using 100% PF resin. The bending strength and internal bond strength of the tannin-PF bonded boards met the specifications required for commercial boards. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond and dimensional stability of the PF bonded boards were higher than those of the tannin-PF boards. Mangrove tannin-PF boards had better bending strength and dimensional stability than Quebracho tannin-PF boards. 

 © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed In The Netherlands

 Journal

 Charcoal And Fuel Value Of Agroforestry Tree Crops

 J.A. FUWAPE

 2006

Charcoal was produced from short rotation tropical species of Leucaena leucocephala and Tectona grandis. The combustion-related properties, moisture content, specific gravity and percentage element composition of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, Sulphur and ash in wood and charcoal from the two species were determined. The gross heat of combustion of wood and charcoal was also determined. There were significant differences in the moisture content, specific gravity and percentage element composition between wood and charcoal from the two species. The carbon and ash content of charcoal were higher than those of wood. The average heat of combustion of charcoal 25.25 MJ Kg-1 was higher than that of wood 13.75 MJ Kg-1. 

 Applied Tropical Agriculture Volume 10. Special Issue 2005

 Journal

 STRENGTH AND DIMENSIONAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC WOOD COMPOSITE BOARDS PRODUCED FROM AFARA (Terminalia Superba)

 A. A. AJIGBON1, J. A. FUWAPE2 And B. OLUFEMI2

 2005

Plastic wood composite boards were produced from white at three ratios; 3:1, 2.5:1 and 2:1 (weight to weight basis). The nominal densities of the boards were 700, 800 and 900 kgm-3, The modulus of rupture (MOR) values ranged from 11.60 Nmm-2 to 15.2 Nmm-2 while modulus of elasticity (MOE) values ranged from 2724.56 to 6315.26 Nmm-2. The bending strength (MOR) and board stiffness (MOE) improved with increase in plastic/wood ratio. The boards had low values of thickness swelling and water absorption after 24hrs of water immersion. On the basis of bending strength and dimensional stability, Afara is considered to be suitable for production of plastic/wood composite board. 

 App. Trop. Agric. Volume 9, 12-18, 2005

 Journal

 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF INSECT HERBIVOURS AND LOGGING ON TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN AKURE FOREST RESERVE (APONMU)

 ADEDUNTAN, S.A.*; OFUYA, T. I. ** AND FUWAPE, J. A. *

 2005

This study was carried out to assess the effect of insect abundance and logging on tree species diversity and subsequently on the environment. The level of leaf damage on forest leaf litter in logged and unlogged forest was examined. A total of 312 insects were collected and identifiedfrom the two habitats. These insects are in 28 families distributed among 13 orders. From the loggedforest only, 136 insects in 17families and 8 orders were identified. The families and order with the highest number of individual insects are Dannaidiae (46) and Lepidoptera. These insects are mainly defoliators. There were significant differences in the level of leaf damage by insects in the forest (P 

 Journal Of Applied Tropical Agriculture. 10(2): 83 - 90

 Journal

 FUEL VALUE INDEX AND BIOFUEL CHARACTERISTICS OF EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS

 I. O. TELLA1 AND J.A. FUWAPE2

 2005

The fuel value index and some biofuel properties of 25-year-old Eucalyptus Camaldulensis were determined. Basic properties of wood: moisture content. Specific gravity, flame propagation rate and the afterglow time were also determined. while charcoal yield was estimated by carbonizing known weights of oven-dried wood samples at 350°C final carbonisation temperature. For 3 hours. Proximate analyses of both wood and charcoal were done to ascertain the amounts of volatiles. Fixed carbon and ash that were in the samples. While ultimate analysis was done to determine the elemental composition of the wood. Heating values of both wood and charcoal were determined by bomb calorimetry. The wood is dense (mean specific gravity. 0.58). The green moisture content (calculated on an oven dry basis) was low (mean; 35.55%). the mean afterglow time was 357.5 seconds in a draft free room and the flame propagation was quick (mean; 0.08 em/ see). Results of the ultimate analysis of the species revealed a high level of elemental carbon (range; 49.66 to 5I .11%) and a high amount of hydrogen (range: 5.03 to 5.8 I %): both of which are very desirable for good combustion. The mean higher heating value of the wood \Vas 20. 71 MJ. kg'. while the value for charcoal was 30.29 Mi.kg:', The fuel value index (FVI) calculated for the species was very high: bole. 2683.58 and 209 I. 13for the heartwood and sapwood respectively; branches. 2233.51 and 1663.85 respectively for the heartwood and sapwood; and twig. 1585.03 (sapwood only). The FVI obtained for charcoal made from the bole and branches were 15.523.63 and 10.287.58 respectively. Diameter size did not significantly affect biofuel properties of trees in the stand. 

 J. Ind. Acad. Wood Sci.-Vol. 23, No.1, 1992

 Journal

 SORPTION PROPERTIES OF WOOD-CEMENT PARTICLEBOARD AS INFLUENCED BY CEMENT/WOOD RATIO

 JOSEPH ADEOLA FUWAPE

 2004

The influence of cement/wood ratio on the thickness swelling and water absorption of wood-cement particleboard was investigated. Wood-cement panels were made at four cement/wood ratios; 70/30, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60 (weight to weight basis) and at four nominal density levels: 1400, 1200, 1000,800 kgm3. The thickness, swelling and water absorption increased with decrease in cement/wood ratio after 24 hours water immersion. The dimensional stability of the boards improved with increase in density and cement/wood ratio. 

 WFL Publisher Science And Technology Food, Agriculture & Environment Vol.2 (2): 395-399

 Journal

 Structure And Yield Models Of Tropical Lowland Rainforest Ecosystem Of Southwest Nigeria

 V. A. J. Adekunle*, S. O. Akindele And J. A. Fuwape

 2004

The structure and yield assessment of tropical rainforest cco=vstem of southwest Nigeria was carried out. Three reserves (Shasha, Ala and Omo Forest Reserves in Osun, Ondo and Ogun States respectively) were randomly selected in the ecological zone. Systematic cluster sampling techniques was adopted to allocate eight sample plots of size 50 m x 50 m (0.25 ha) in each of the reserves. Detailed measurement of all woody plants with diameter at breast height (dbh) of at least 20cm was carried out in each of the sample plots. Also, five linear regression equations were generated, assessed and validated for volume prediction in the ecosystem. For diameter distribution ha', majority of the trees was in the smallest diameter class (20-20.99 ern), Presently, very few merchantable trees were available in this vegetation. The number of stems encountered per hectare in Shasha, Ala and Omo were 150, 116 and 96. The mean dbh was 38.83 em for Shasha, 42.5cm for Ala and 34.70cm for Omo and the mean heights obtained were 14.11, 18.14 and 17.26m respectively. For yield values, basal area of 23.41, 22.98 and 12.48m2 were obtained at Shasha, Ala and Omo forest reserves respectively and their volumes were 181.36, 227 and 91.71m3. All the models were discovered to have good fit but the best of them is given as V = 24.06Ba-0.94Ba2+0.12Ba3-30 (R= 0.91. R2 = 82%, adjusted R2 =78%). The models are recommended for effective management of the ecosystem.