Greener Journal Of Physical Sciences ISSN: 2276-7851 Vol. 2 (1), Pp. 001-005, February 2012. Www.gjournals.org 1 Research Article

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 Effect Of Acetylation On The Physical Properties Of Gmelina Arborea Wood

 1Fuwape, J.A And 2Aina, K.S*

 2003

Effect of acetic anhydride modification on physical properties of Gmelina arborea wood was investigated in this study. Four standing trees of Gmelina arborea specie were randomly selected and freshly felled for the experiment. Samples were selected and processed from the base, middle and top portions of the felled logs. The samples were oven dried at 1050C to attain 12% moisture content prior treated with benzene and ethanol in ratio 3:1 to remove the extractive components present in the wood. The samples were subsequently treated with acetic anhydride and the following physical properties; Percentage weight gains (WG), percentage volumetric swelling coefficient (VSC) and percentage anti-shrinkage efficiency (ASE) were determined. The mean values of the parameters tested ranged from 1.8 to 4.11% in ASE, 2.71 to 8.30% in WG and 2.17 to 3.50% in VSC respectively. The result shows significant improvement in the physical properties of the G. arborea wood samples, chemical modification of G. arborea with acetic anhydride caused reduction in the percentage WG of the samples whereas, acetic anhydride modification did not caused any significant changes in percentage ASE and VSC of the samples. Dimensional stability of the G. arborea was observed to increase significantly as a result of the acetic anhydride modifications processed on the wood. Based on the outcome of the result in this study, chemical modification of wood could serve as technique for treating wood for external application purposes. 

 Journal Of Applied Tropical Agriculture. 5(1): 36 - 40

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 CREEP BEHAVIOUR OF WOOD-CEMENT PARTICLEBOARD

 JOSEPH ADEOLA FUWAPE

 2003

The flexural creep behaviour of wood-cement particleboard was investigated at 20%, 40% and 60% stress level at constant temperature and relative humidity. The effect of changes in relative humidity on creep was also determined. The creep deflection of the boards increased with increase in stress level. High relative humidity had adverse effect on creep deformation and creep recovery. 

 Journal Of Tropical Forest Products 1(1): 49 - 58 (1995)

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 THE EFFECT OF CEMENT-WOOD RATIO ON THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF CEMENT-BONDED PARTICLEBOARD FROM SPRUCE

 Joseph Adeola Fuwape

 2002

The effect of cement/wood ratio on the strength properties of cement -bonded particleboard from spruce. The influence of cement/wood ratio on the bending strength, board stiffness and internal bond of cement-bonded particleboard from spruce was investigated. The panels were made at four cement/wood ratios, 70/30, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60 (weight to weight basis), and at four nominal density levels, 1400, 1200, 1000, 800 kg m-3, The results indicated that modulus of rupture (MOR) increased with decrease in cement/wood ratio while modulus of elasticity (MOE) decreased with the same treatment. The internal bond (IB) also decreased as the cement/wood ratio was lowered. The MOR, MOE and IB increased with increase in board density. 

 Appl. Trop. Agric. Vol 5, No. 1, 36-40, 2000

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 CREEP BEHAVIOUR OF WOOD-CEMENT PARTICLEBOARD AT DIFFERENT STRESS LEVELS AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY

 Joseph Adeola FUWAPE And Amos Olajide OYAGADE

 2002

The flexural creep behaviour of wood-cement particle board was investigated at 20%, 40% and 60% stress levels under 65% and 80% relative humidity at 20°C. The effect of changes in relative humidity on creep was determined. The creep deflection of the boards increased with increase in stress level. High relative humidity had adverse effect on creep deformation and creep recovery. 

 Bioresource Technology 57(1996) 91-94 Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Limited Printed In Great Britain. All Rights Reserved

 Journal

 Effects Of Carbonisation Temperature On-Charcoal From Some Tropical Trees

 Joseph Adeola Fuwape

 2002

The high cost of conventional fossil fuels has resulted in a rise in the demand for charcoal in developing countries. There has been a problem of wood scarcity and indigenous tree species are being replaced with the fast-growing, short-rotation species. Three short-rotation tree species: Gliricidia sepium, Leucaenea leucocephala and Gmelina arborea were converted to charcoal by a pyrolytic process. The effects of final carbonisation temperature on the yield, heating value and proximate analysis of charcoal from the tree species were determined. Gliricidia sepium gave the highest charcoal yield of 51.6% with a gross heating value of 31.45MJ/kg at 300°C final carbonisation temperature. There was no significant difference in the charcoal yield of Gmelina arborea and Leucaena leucocephala at 5% level of testing. The charcoal yield decreased with an increase in carbonization temperature. The percentage volatiles in charcoal decreased with an increase in temperature, while there was an increase in the percentage fixed carbon. 

 Journal Of Tropical Wood Products 9(182):45-53

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 VARIATIONS IN STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF PLANTATION GROWN NAUCLEA DIDERR1CHII WOOD

 J. A. Fuwape & J. S. Fabiyi

 2002

Nauclea diderrichii wood. The variations in density, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and compressive strength parallel to grain of plantation grown Nauclea diderrichii wood aged 24, 28 and 30 years were examined. Six trees were selected from each age class at the Ogun State Forestry Plantation in Omo Forest Reserve. Wood samples were collected from the innerwood, middlewood and outerwood at 10, 50 and 90% of the merchantable tree height. The density, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and compressive strengths parallel to grain increased with increase in age. The mean values for density on oven-dry weight and volume basis were 528, 608 and 660 kg m~3, moduli of rupture were 145.7, 187.3 and 209.0 N mm-2, moduli of elasticity were 11 626.3, 14.624.7 and 15 412.1 N mm'2, and compressive strengths parallel to grain were 83.4, 95.3 and 100.6 N mm'2 for 24-, 28- and 30-year-old N. diderrichii respectively. Density increased from pith to bark and decreased from base to top. Similarly, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and compressive strength parallel to grain (CS) increased from pith to bark but decreased from base to top. The correlations between density and MOR, density and MOE, and density and CS were significant (p < 0.01). 

 PERGAMON BIOMASS & BIOENERGY Biomass And Bioenergy 21 (2001) 401-405

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 BIOMASS EQUATIONS AND ESTIMATION FOR GMELINA ARBOREA AND NAUCLEA DIDERRICHII STANDS IN AKURE FOREST RESERVE

 J.A. Fuwape *, J.C. Onyekwelu, V.A.J. Adekunle

 2001

Biomass estimation was carried out for even-aged stands of Gmelina arborea and Nauclea diderrichii in Akure forest reserve. Linear and allometric regression equations for biomass prediction were developed for trees of both species. The yield of each species and total above-ground biomass (TAGB) were estimated and compared. The various equations developed were assessed based on high coefficient of determination (R2), significant F-ratio, and small Furnival index (FI) to select appropriate equation for prediction. The t-test shows a significant difference when the total volume and total dry weight of both species were compared, Gmelina arborea having a greater value than Nauclea diderrichii in both cases. The total volume of Gmelina arborea per hectare was 721.40m3 and 265.18m3 for Nauclea diderrichii. The TAGB for Gmelina arborea was 264,762 kg/ha and 88,293 kg/ha for Nauclea diderrichii. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 

 International Journal Of Science And Technology Vol 6, No. 1, January 2017

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 EVALUATION OF FIBRE CHARACTERISTICS OF RICINODEDRON HEUDELOTII (BAILL, PIERRE EX PAX) FOR PULP & PAPER MAKING

 OLUYEGE AMOS OLAJIDE, JOSEPH ADEOLA FUWAPE, & BABATUNDE AJAYI

 2001

The anatomical properties of Ricinodendron heudelotii as a potential source of fibrous raw material for pulp and paper production were investigated. Trees of R. heudelotii were obtained from a free forest at Ilaramokin, located between 7.321°N 5.145°E and 7.389°N 5.097°E of Ondo state, Nigeria. Three trees were randomly selected and used for destructive sampling procedures. Bolts of about 70 cm were cut from the felled trees at three different merchantable height levels of 10%, 50%, and 90%. The bolts were sawn through the pith into four parts while three radial positions from each part: corewood, middlewood and outerwood were obtained. The anatomical properties of the selected trees viz: the fiber length, fibre diameter and lumen diameter were measured while the cell wall thickness, Runkel ratio, slenderness ratio, flexibility coefficient, Luce’s shape factor and solid factor of the fibers were derived from the measured fibre dimensions. The average fiber length was 1.40 mm, which has no specific pattern of variation from base to top but decreased from the outer-wood to core-wood. The lumen width with mean of 32.3 µm decreased from base to top while a general increase from core-wood to outer-wood was observed. The cell wall thickness with mean of 4.6 mm decreased from base to top while it increased from core-wood to outer-wood. Average Runkel ratio in this study was 0.31; but no definite variation was observed both longitudinally and radially. The flexibility with mean of 0.77 did not show any definite pattern of variation from base to top while there was no significant difference in the radial position. The average sslenderness ratio observed for the study was 35.85; slenderness ratio increased from the base to the top while the same pattern of variation was observed from the core wood to outer-wood. Some of the fibre morphology studied reveals that R. heudelotii is suitable for pulp and paper production. 

 FORESTRY WORKSHOP. 6-7 DECEMBER, 2001

 Conferenceproceeding

 THE IMPACTS OF FOREST INDUSTRIES AND WOOD UTILIZATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT

 JOSEPH ADEOLA FUWAPE

 2001

Forests have been the major source of livelihood for most Nigerian. The forestry sector is one of the main pivots on which the nation's welfare was built. The forest is not only important for material goods but also as a valuable ecological and cultural resource. The forestry subsector has over the years contributed immensely to the socio-economic development in the country. It ranks among one of the highest revenues and employment generating sectors. It also serves as resource base for many forest industries. The raw materials for the production of timber, pulp and paper are derived from the forest. The demand for wood raw material by these industries in recent times has outstripped the production capacity of the forest. Thus, exploitation of forest resources for industrial purposes if not well planned may be deleterious to the environment. It is therefore necessary to examine the impact of the activities of forest industries on the environment in order not to jeopardize the other goods, services and benefits of the forests. These benefits include: amelioration of weather pattern, provision of clean air, protection of biological diversity, protection of watershed, soil and food crops and provision of recreational facilities. The objective of this paper is to review the impact of forest industries on the environment. 

 J. Timb. Dev. Assoc. (India) Vol. XLV. No. 1-2, January - April 1999

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 STRENGTH AND DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF ACETYLATED GMELINA AND SITKA SPRUCE PARTICLE BOARD

 Joseph Adeola Fuwape & Amos Olajide Oyagade

 1999

Introduction Dimensional stability and strength properties of adhesive-bonded particleboard are adversely affected by severe weather conditions (Dinwoodie. 1981; Halligan. 1970). The thickness swelling and water absorption characteristics of particleboard are affected by the hygroscopic nature of wood. The thickness swelling of particleboard may be as high as 20% (Haygreen et al. 1982) when the particles come in contact with water. The adverse effect of thickness swelling is that the board does not completely revert to its initial dimension when redried thereby causing structural defects when such boards are installed without provision for the dimensional changes. Acetylation of wood has been identified as a method of reducing the swelling of wood composite board caused by moisture sorption (Feist et al 1991). Acetylation results in the substitution of hydroxyl groups in the cell wall (Rowell. 197b). Acetylation in 20-25% weight gain of wood shows a 70% reduction in swelling or anti-shrink efficiency (Sidorenjo et al. 19 73). Acetylated wood is denser than untreated wood. it has fewer fibers of lignocellulose per unit volume (Dreher et al. 1964 and it exhibits reduced permeability to gas compared with untreated wood (Kumar et al. 1979). Previous studies showed that there were reductions in the values of Modulus of elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of ruptura (MOR) of particleboards produced from modified wood (Jahari. 1982; Rudkin (1950). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of acetylation of wood flakes produced from Gmelina arborea and Picea sitchensis on the dimensional stability and strength properties of particleboard. The effect of wood acetylation on the internal bond strength of mangrove tannin and quebracho tannin adhesive bonded sitka spruce particleboard was also evaluated.