Bioresource Technology 47: 77 - 79

 Journal

 BENDING STRENGTH AND DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF TROPICAL WOOD-CEMENT PARTICLEBOARD

 Joseph Adeola Fuwape & Amos Olajide Oyagade

 1992

Wood-cement particleboards were produced from Afara (ferminalia superba) at three cement/wood ratios; 23: 1, 1·5:1 and 1: 1. The nominal densities of the boards were 8oo, WOO, 12oo and 1400 kg m-3. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the boards improved with increase in cement/wood ratio. Both the bending strength (MOR) and board stiffness (MOE) increased linearly with increase in board density. The boards had low values of thickness swelling after 24 h of water immersion. On the basis of bending strength and dimensional stability, the tropical wood-cement boards (produced at 2·3: 1 and 1·5:1 cement/wood ratios) are considered suitable for internal construction. 

 Journal Of Tropical Forest Science 4(4): 281-285

 Journal

 EFFECT OF EXTRACTIVES ON HEATING VALUE OF GMELINA ARBOREA

 J. A. FUWAPE

 1992

Effect of extractives on heating value of Gmelina arborea. The difference in heating value of extractive-free wood and unextracted wood was used in determining the influence of extractives on the heating value of Gmelina arborea. Heartwood, sapwood, bark, terminal branches and leaves were extracted with benzene/ethanol solution, absolute ethanol and water. The heating values of extractive free samples and the unextracted control were measured. The mean percentage contribution of extractives to heating values was 23.2, 20.1, 31.5, 17.0 and 22.1 % for heatwood, sapwood. bark, terminal branch and leaves, respectively. Correlation matrix suggested that other chemical components of wood also influenced the variation in heating value. 

 Silviculture In The Tropics Pp 364 - 376

 Journal

 SECONDARY FORESTS AND FUELWOOD UTILIZATION IN AFRICA

 JOSEPH ADEOLA FUWAPE

 1992

The utilization of fuel wood as major source of primary energy in Africa was reviewed with a focus on management of fuel wood in secondary forests. It is used for domestic and industrial purposes. The sources of fuel wood, energy crisis and silvicultural management of fuel wood in secondary forests were considered. About 95% of fuel wood consumed in the continent is from secondary forests. The consumption of fuel wood varies with vegetation distribution, population density, demographic characteristics and energy crisis in different parts of the continent. The greatest challenge to fuel wood utilization is the problem of diminishing forest resources due to deforestation. Silvicultural practices for management of fuel wood include natural regeneration, coppice, and coppice-with-standard and agro-forest techniques. The implications of new trend of high energy demand for silviculture include intensive forest management and the adoption of community participatory approach in formulation and implementation of forest policy. 

 J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 1(2): 101 -103, 1991

 Journal

 Pulp And Paper Properties-of Wood Of Musanga (Musanga Cercropoides Brown)

 J. A. FUWAPE

 1991

The suitability of Musanga cercropoides Brown for pulp and paper production was determined. Wood, samples from 10 trees collected from the rainforest region in Akure, Nigeria, were analyzed and found to contain 28% lignin, 4.5% alcohol-benzene solubles, 6.1% eold water solubJes and 7.8% hot water solubles. The average kraft pulp yield was 51.5%. Kraft pulp produced from the wood was used to make hand sheet papers whose strength properties were comparable with those of other conventional hardwood pulp and paper products. 

 Journal Of World Forest Resource Management, 1991, Vol. 6, Pp. 41-47

 Journal

 CONTRIBUTIONS OF FOREST INDUSTRIES TO RURAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

 JOSEPH A. FUWAPE

 1991

The distribution of the main sawmills, plywood and particle board factories and pulp and paper mills in Nigeria is described, and their contribution to rural development in Nigeria by providing employment, building roads, and improving local amenities is quantified. Sawmills are the most widespread forest industry, and their total work force could exceed 16,000 people. Total employment in the forest industries is estimated at 80,335 with another 29,649 in forest operations. 

 10TH WORLD FORESTRY CONGRESS, PARIS, FRANCE. 1991 PP. 1-10

 Conferenceproceeding

 WOOD FUEL UTILIZATION IN HOUSEHOLD AND RURAL INDUSTRIES IN AFRICA

 JOSEPH ADEOLA FUWAPE

 1991

The paper reports on the utilization of woodfuel in households and industries in Africa. Wood energy constitutes 80% of total energy consumed for domestic and rural industrial uses in Africa. With increase in population, there has been scarcity of fuelwood in arid and semi-arid parts of the continent. Effective management of existing forest resources, establishment of community fuelwood plantation, involvement of rural farmers in agroforestry and improvement of combustion efficiency of local stoves are suggested as solutions to the problems of utilization of wood as source of energy. 

 IVe Congrès International Des Terres De Parcours, Montpellier, France, 1991

 Conferenceproceeding

 THE INFLUENCE OF FIRE ON SAVANNA RANGELAND IN NIGERIA

 J. A. FUWAPE

 1991

The savanna rangeland which occupies more than 60% of the northern Nigerian land mass (Sanford 1980) is frequently subjected to fire hazard. It has been reported that periodic fire has an influence on the floristic composition, canopy closure, vegetation structure, soil litter accumulation and soil composition of plant communities. (Isichei 1979, West 1965, Stern and Roche 1960, Afolayan 1977, Ogunmodede 1989). The effect of burning is more pronounced in the savanna region because the vegetation of this area is dominated by grasses which are at least 80 cm high and spread over an extended area. Prescribed or controlled burning is used as a tool to improve the growth factors such as soil organic matter, moisture content and thermal condition. Fire is used in managing pasture land in east and south African savanna (West, 1965), the old grasses are usually set ablaze to encourage a new flush of grass which is usually more nutritious to the animals. Controlled burning may be used to facilitate regeneration, maintain fire-climax in rangeland and to reduce fire hazards in forests liable to heavy accumulation of highly combustible materials. Several researchers (Bartlett 1957, Menaut 1977, Nye and Greenland 1960, Afolayan 1979, Sanford 1980) have reported on vegetation structure, productivity and soil nutrients in relation to burning and grazing. The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of early and late burning on the tree density, floristic composition and soil composition of savanna rangeland in Nigeria. Data collected from two sites: (1) Olokemeji fire plots established in 1923 and monitored by the Federal Institute of Forestry Nigeria, (2) Kainji lake fire plots, established by Afolayan (1977), were analysed for better understanding of the study. 

 Bulletin Of The 23rd Annual Conference Of Science Association Of Nigeria. Vol. 17(1)54

 Conferenceproceeding

 PULPING AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EICHERNIA CRASSIPES (MART SELMS.)

 JOSEPH ADEOLA FUWAPE

 1991

The pulping and chemical characteristics of Eichernia crassipes collected from the coastal region, at IgboKoda in Nigeria were determined. Pulp was produced from the samples of the cellulosic plant by sulphate process. The average moisture content in the plant was 92.79% (wet basis). The plant had only 7.21% solid weight content. The pulp yield using Kraft process was 34.52%. The average alcohol/benzene solubility of aerial portion was 6.43% while that of the rest was 9.76%. Proportion of lignin in the aerial portion was 22.73% and that of root was 30%. 

 Bulletin Of The 23rd Annual Conference Of Science Association Of Nigeria. Vol. 17(1)54

 Conferenceproceeding

 PRODUCTION OF LINER BOARD FROM WASTE PAPER AND WOOD RESIDUES

 JOSEPH ADEOLA FUWAPE, JOHN MADUKWE OKEZIE

 1991

Liner board and sack Kraft paper were produced from mixtures of recycled waste paper pulp, long fibre Kraft and hardwood pulp of different ratios. The mixture of 70% recycled wastepaper pulp and 30% long fibre gave better physical and strength properties than a mixture 35% waste paper pulp 35% hardwood and 30% long fibre. The paper produced met the minimum national standard. 

 Proceedings Of International Rangeland Congress. I.A.M. Montepellier, France. Pp787-788

 Conferenceproceeding

 WOOD FUEL CRISIS AND RANGELAND PROTECTION IN NIGERIA

 JOSEPH ADEOLA FUWAPE

 1991

Nigeria has a land area of 923 000 km2, embracing a wide range of vegetational zones, rain forest, derived savanna, Guinea Savanna, Sudan and Sahel Savanna. The landmass stretches between latitude 4° to 14° N and longitude 3° to 14° E. 80% of the vegetation is dominated by savanna type of vegetation and 60% of the savanna land area is used as rangeland. The next difficult problem in rangeland protection in the semi- arid and arid area of Nigeria, apart from fire hazard, is the exploitation of standing or shade trees for firewood. This is because 80% of Nigerians in the rural community use firewood as the domestic source of energy. The annual consumption of fuelwood in Nigeria is about seventy million cubic metres (Lucas 1982). This surpasses the rate of production of wood in fuel plantations and natural forests in the opened-up areas. In the northern part of Nigeria, where most of the game reserves and rangeland are located, there was a deficit of about 32 million m3 in the supply of fuelwood in 1988. This deficit was partly made up by burning cow-dung equivalent to 10 million m3 of wood (Adegbehin 1988) and agricultural residues like dried stems of maize, millet and sorghum equivalent to 7 million m3 of wood. The implication of the fuelwood deficit, a resultant of the uncontrolled felling of trees in the game reserves and on rangeland, is the threat to the wild animal population. The clear felling of trees in savanna area for firewood has also resulted in 25% of the land area of West Africa becoming a desert or semi-desert area. In Nigeria, the land area in Sokoto, Kastina, Kaduna, Bauchi, Bomo and Gongola states occupying about 45% of the savanna region and 56% of rangeland, is in a situation of fuelwood deficit. The main objective of this study is to identify the fast growing tropical trees that could be planted on both the boundary of the rangeland and on firewood plantations, and to investigate their combustion characteristics. The establishment of firewood plots around rural communities will serve as source of energy supply to the rural dwellers and discourage indiscriminate felling of trees in the game reserves, forest reserves and on rangeland.