Journal Of Materials Sciences And Applications 2017; X(x): Xx-xx Http://www.aascit.org/journal/jmsa ISSN: 2381-0998 (Print); ISSN: 2381-1005

 Journal

 IMPACT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TORREFIED ANTHOCLEISTHA DJALONENSIS WOOD

 Iyiola Ebenezer Adeyemi*, Olufemi Babatola, Owoyemi Jacob Mayowa, Fuwape Joseph Adeola

 2017

Thermal modification at relatively high temperatures is an effective method of improving the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of wood. This study was carried out to investigate the impact of heat treatment on the physico-mechanical properties of torrefied Anthocleistha djalonensis wood. Thirty nine defect-free specimens of dimensions 20 mm × 20 mm × 60 mm were prepared for dimensional stability and compression tests. For the evaluation of static bending strength, thirty nine specimens of dimensions 20 mm × 20 mm x 300 mm were also prepared. After drying to a constant moisture content of 12%, samples were thermally treated at temperatures of 120, 140, 160 and 180oC for 60, 90 and 120 minutes duration respectively in the furnace. The mean values of the density showed a significant reduction as a function of treatment condition while an increase of the modulus of elasticity during the bending test was noticed. The minimum MOE value of samples was 3266 N/mm2at 120°C for 1h while the maximum MOE of samples was 3908 N/mm2 at 160°C for 2h, whereas the compressive strength parallel to the fibre increased after heat treatment. It was observed that thermal modification improved dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the wood. Physical properties generally decreased with increasing temperature intensity. 

 Journal Of Forest And Environmental Science PISSN: 2288-9744, EISSN: 2288-9752 Journal Of Forest And Environmental Science Vol. 32, No. 4, Pp. 323-328, November, 2016 Https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2016.32.4.323

 Journal

 THERMAL AND RHEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF RICINODENDRON HEUDELOTII WOOD FOR ITS PULP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL

 Bolade Mercy Ogunleye1,*, James Sunday Fabiyi2 And Joseph A. Fuwape2

 2016

Thermal stability and rheological behaviors of Ricinodendron heudelotii wood were investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis conducted at a heating rate of 10oC/min from 20 to 600oC in a nitrogen atmosphere indicated that there was no variation in the decomposition of the onset and final temperature for all the polymers. The thermal behaviours were investigated at a temperature range from 130 to 0oC at 3oC/min, multi-frequencies of 0.1-10 Hz using dynamic mechanical analysis. N-methyl-2-pyrolidone saturated specimens were tested while submerged under the same solvent. Polymers decomposition pattern during thermogravimetric analysis are similar in the radial position of the wood. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of R. heudelotii is 45±1oC at 0.1 Hz. The Tg differs from the innerwood to outerwood. The Tg showed that N-methyl-2-pyrolidone saturated R. heudelotii would require low energy consumption during chemi-thermomechanical pulping. 

 International Journal Of Science And Technology Volume 5 No. 12, December, 2016 1IJST © 2016– IJST Publications UK. All Rights Reserved. 634 ISSN 2049 – 7318

 Journal

 EVALUATION OF FIBER CHARACTERISTICS OF RICINODEDRON HEUDELOTII (BAILL, PIERRE EX PAX) FOR PULP AND PAPER MAKING

 Ogunleye Bolade Mercy1, Fuwape Joseph Adeola2, Oluyege Amos Olajide2, Ajayi Babatunde2 And Fabiyi James Sunday2

 2016

The fiber characteristics of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill, Pierre ex Pax), an angiosperm, were investigated for its potential as a fibrous raw material for pulp and paper production. Bolts of about 70 cm were cut from the felled trees at three different merchantable height levels of 10%, 50%, and 90% to obtain: corewood, middlewood and outerwood samples. The fiber characteristics of the selected trees viz: the fiber length, fibre diameter and lumen diameter were measured while the cell wall thickness, Runkel ratio, slenderness ratio, flexibility coefficient, Luce’s shape factor and solid factor of the fibers were derived from the measured fibre dimensions. The average fiber length, cell wall thickness, lumen width, Runkel ratio, flexibility and slenderness ratio were 1.40 mm, 4.6 mm, 32.3 µm, 0.31, 0.77 and 35.85, respectively. Some of the fibre morphology revealed that R. heudelotii is suitable for pulp and paper production. 

 Public Lecture Delivered At Engineering Week Of The Nigeria Society Of Engineers Held In Ajaokuta Steel Company Ltd. Ajaokuta. Pp 12

 Conferenceproceeding

 GREEN ENERGY SOLUTIONS FOR THE ENERGY SECTOR IN NIGERIA

 JOSEPH ADEOLA FUWAPE

 2016

The overview of developments in green energy conversion was considered in this paper with the objective of propounding solutions to energy crisis in Nigeria. The total national energy demand in Nigeria has been on the increase with increase in human population and industrialization. Gap between national energy demand and supply was identified. Possible measures of solving national energy crisis were considered. The possible energy output from the different renewable sources were analyzed. Robust energy mix with more input from renewable energy sources should be developed. The country should leverage on the technologies available for green power production. There should be strategic engagement and development of international collaboration. 

 © 2014 American Chemical Society Dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef500278e | Energy Fuels 2014, 28, 3821-3832

 Journal

 CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED NIGERIAN BIOMASS FOR COMBUSTION AND PYROLYSIS APPLICATIONS

 Femi S. Akinrinola†, Leilani I. Darvell*†, Jenny M. Jones†, Alan Williams‡, And Joseph A. Fuwape§

 2014

Biomass is the most utilized form of renewable energy, especially in developing nations, and is a possible replacement for fossil fuel in power generation. The most commonly used method for recovering energy from biomass is combustion. Many countries are exploring the utilization of energy crops and indigenous residues to deliver sustainable sources of biomass. For these bio-resources, detailed characterization of the fuel properties is essential in order to optimize the combustion processes. In this study, some potential energy crops and woods from Nigeria, namely Terminalia superba, Gmelina arborea, Lophira alata, Nauclea diderrichii, and also one abundant agricultural residue, palm kernel expellers (PKE), were characterized for their combustion properties. Standard characterization methods such as proximate and ultimate analyses, metals analysis, and ash fusion test were used for this purpose and the results were compared with some U.K. biomass. In addition, their thermal conversion was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py–GC–MS). Finally, combustion studies were conducted by suspending single biomass particles in a methane flame to obtain information on reactivities and combustion characteristics. Results indicate that the ash fractions in the Nigerian woods were low in K, Si, and Ca, resulting in low calculated alkali indices, hence these fuels are not predicted to cause severe fouling problems. Furthermore, the analysis of the evolved product during devolatilisation from Py–GC–MS suggests that the content of oil is high in Gmelina. Finally, the results from the single particle combustion experiments revealed a longer char burn out rate for Lophira and Nauclea when compared with those of Terminalia and Gmelina. 

 Nigerian Journal Of Forestry 44 (2) 45- 51 Publication Of The Forestry Association Of Nigeria 2014 NJF-FAN 2014 – (www.njf-ng.com)

 Journal

 INFLUENCE OF THERMAL MODIFICATION ON THE PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALSTONIA BOONEI (DE WILD) WOOD

 Iyiola, E. A.1 Fuwape, J.A.2 And Faruwa, F.A.3

 2014

Thermal modification at relatively high temperatures (ranging from150 to 260?C) is an effective method to improve the properties of wood against prevailing conditions. This study was therefore performed to investigate the impact of heat treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of Alstonia boonei wood. The conditioned specimens (at constant moisture content of 12%) were thermally treated at temperatures of 125, 150 and 175oC for 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Twenty-seven defect-free specimens of dimensions 20 mm × 20 mm ×10 mm (length × breadth × thickness) were used. The colour of thermally treated Alstonea boonei wood varied from pale creamy white to light brown at 150ºC for 30, 60 minutes and 120min and to very dark brown at 175°C for120 minutes. At 2hrs, the mean values of the thermally treated samples for volumetric swelling ranged from the lowest (3.73 at 150°C for 120 minutes) to the highest (10.13% at 125°C for 60 min). The thermal modification of Alstonia boonei wood affected its physical properties. The extent of thermal modification varied with temperature and duration of treatment. The heating temperature is applicable for the changes in the MOR of the thermally modified wood. The bending strength decreased drastically with high treatment temperature. The MOE of heat-treated wood samples of this species varied from 5.94 x 105 MPa (175° C for 30 min) to 5.10 x 106 MPa (150°C for 120 min). The extent of thermal modification varied with temperature and the duration of treatment. 

 Thermochimrca Acta 52.4.(1-2) Pp. 80-87(2011)

 Journal

 SURFACE CHEMISTRY AND THERMO-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF SOME NIGERIAN WOOD SPECIES

 Fabiyi James Sunday1*, Fuwape Joseph Adeola2, And Olufemi Babatola2

 2011

Surface chemistry, thermal stability and rheological behaviors of Mansonia (Mansonia altissima), Sapele mahogany (Entandrophragma cylindricum), Lagos mahogany (Khaya ivorensis), Utile (Entandrophragma utile), Osan (Aningeria altissima), Obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon) and Danta (Nesogordonia papaverifera) were determined. Chemical components of the wood surface were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; the infrared spectra obtained differed among species. The holocellulose to lignin ratio was estimated for some of the wood species. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that thermal stability and the rate at which each wood polymer degraded are wood species dependent. The viscoelastic properties of these wood species were tested while submerged in ethylene glycol solvent under saturated conditions using dynamic mechanical analysis. The results show that at 0.1 Hz, the glass transition temperature of Obeche is 85±1°C while other species have it at higher temperature. However, ethylene glycol saturated Sapele mahogany has the highest storage modulus from 120 to 0°C. 

 Journal Of Tropical Forest Science 10(3):337-345

 Journal

 SITE INDEX EQUATION FOR GMELINA PULPWOOD PLANTATIONS IN OLUWA FOREST RESERVE, NIGERIA.

 Jonathan C. Onyekwelu And Joseph A. Fuwape

 2010

A site index equation for estimating site quality of Gmelina arborea plantations in Oluwa forest reserve, Nigeria, was developed. The base age of 10 years was used in developing the equation. The plantations ranged from seven to twelve years. The data used were collected from forty-two temporary sample plots of 20m x 20m. The site index equation developed is: SI = exp [ln (Hd) + 66.11 (0.1 - A-1)] A site index curve was also developed. Based on this curve, the plantation was divided into five productivity classes. 

 J. Timb. Dev. Assoc. (India) Vol. XL, No.4, October 1994

 Journal

 COMPATIBILITY OF TROPICAL WOOD RESIDUE WITH PORTLAND CEMENT

 Joseph. Adeola Fuwape

 2010

Cement bonded particleboard has been accepted as a building material for constructional purposes due to its high resistance to fungi and insect attack. The low cost of cement compared with synthetic resins and the possibility of using wood residues such as wood shavings, sawdust, plywood and veneer wastes and long slabs have made production of wood-cement board very attractive in developing countries where resin is not produced. The main problem in using tropical hardwood residues in the production of wood-cement board is that of non-compatibility of some hardwoods with Portland cements (M iller et al. 1991). Tropical hardwoods contain lot of extractives, simple sugars and hemicelluloses which have been reported to inhibit cement hydration. The polyphenolic and fatty compounds in wood extracts reduce the hydration reaction of wood-cement slurry (Bash et el. 1973). While the hydroxyl and carboxyl components of hardwoods inhibit cement crystallization by reacting with iron and calcium cations to form a complex compound (Fisher et al. 1974, Biblis and Lo 1968). The acetyl group in hemicelluloses and xylans may react in alkaline cement slurry to form metal acetate compounds which may retard cement crystallization (Goldstein 1984, Simatupang 1986). Different techniques have been devised toreduce the inhibitory effects of wood on cement setting. These include the extractionof wood particles with hot water, drying of wood chips and the inclusion of chemical additives such as sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride, ferric chloride. sodium hydroxide and magnesium chloride in wood-cement slurry (Biblis and Lo 1968, Moslemi et el. 1983). The objective of this study was to determine the hydration characteristics of untreated and calcium chloride treated tropical hardwood species. Calcium chloride (CaCI2) was selected as chemical additive because it is relatively cheap compared with other additives. It also enhances crystalline formation in cement and increases the mechanical interlocking between the cement binder and the wood particles. 

 Biomass And Bioenergy 12(2):101-106

 Journal

 BIOMASS YIELD AND ENERGY VALUE OF SOME FAST-GROWING MULTIPURPOSE TREES IN NIGERIA

 JOSEPH A. FUWAPE AND SHADRACH O. AKINDELE

 2008

The above-ground biomass yield of seven-year-old trees of Gliricidia sepium, Gmelina arborea and Leucaena leucocephala grown for fuel production were assessed. The combustion properties of the fuelwood and charcoal produced from the trees (moisture content, density, percentage fixed carbon, volatile matter, micro-elemental composition and heat of combustion) were determined. There were significant differences in the above-ground biomass and the charcoal yield from the various species. The stand biomass was 37.4 t/ha for Gliriculia septum, 85.6 t/ha for Gmelina arborca and 46.2 t/ha for Leucaena leucocephala. The charcoal yield (range 25-42%) was highest in Leucaena leucocephala, The average heat of combustion of charcoal. 33.25 MJ/kg. was higher than that of wood, 21.6 MJ/kg. Gmehna arborea gave the greatest energy yield per hectare due to its high stand biomass.